https://sanitap.org/knowledge/ High-integrity Gold Standard carbon credits from Madagascar, on the path to CORSIA eligibility. en-GB 2026-04-14T00:00:00.000Z https://sanitap.org/knowledge/predicting-cyclones-in-madagascar/ https://sanitap.org/knowledge/predicting-cyclones-in-madagascar/ 2026-04-14T00:00:00.000Z How cyclones over Madagascar are predicted, why they are getting stronger, and what that means for building drinking-water systems that survive the storm. Three horizons, three questions. Climate science https://sanitap.org/knowledge/sanitap-madavance-model/ https://sanitap.org/knowledge/sanitap-madavance-model/ 2026-04-30T00:00:00.000Z The SaniTap and MadAvance structure is deliberately different from the standard patterns in impact-and-development work. What the model is, what it delivered, and why the pairing works structurally. Story https://sanitap.org/knowledge/why-madagascar/ https://sanitap.org/knowledge/why-madagascar/ 2026-05-02T00:00:00.000Z Madagascar sits at the intersection of extreme climate vulnerability, extreme water insecurity, and an unusual carbon-integrity opportunity. Epidemiology, hydrology, deforestation, funding gap. Story https://sanitap.org/knowledge/tpddtec-v4-methodology/ https://sanitap.org/knowledge/tpddtec-v4-methodology/ 2026-05-04T00:00:00.000Z Gold Standard's TPDDTEC methodology is the foundational instrument for high-integrity clean-cookstove carbon credits. A technical walk-through of the version 4.0 framework and verification cycle. Methodology https://sanitap.org/knowledge/safe-water-displaces-carbon/ https://sanitap.org/knowledge/safe-water-displaces-carbon/ 2026-05-06T00:00:00.000Z Safe-water carbon credits are less intuitive than clean-cookstove credits, yet the accounting logic is rigorous. A walkthrough of the counterfactual mechanics behind Gold Standard's ERSDWS v1.0. Explainer https://sanitap.org/knowledge/gender-responsive-carbon-credits/ https://sanitap.org/knowledge/gender-responsive-carbon-credits/ 2026-05-08T00:00:00.000Z Gender-responsive is a Gold Standard certification tier that goes materially beyond gender-sensitive consultation, and it changes what the credit itself represents on the ground. Explainer https://sanitap.org/knowledge/icvcm-core-carbon-principles/ https://sanitap.org/knowledge/icvcm-core-carbon-principles/ 2026-05-09T00:00:00.000Z The Integrity Council's ten Core Carbon Principles are the emerging integrity benchmark for voluntary credits. A substantive walkthrough of each principle and how the CCP mark is assessed. Explainer https://sanitap.org/knowledge/path-to-corsia-eligibility/ https://sanitap.org/knowledge/path-to-corsia-eligibility/ 2026-05-10T00:00:00.000Z Programme-level approval is necessary but not sufficient. The delta between Gold Standard certification and CORSIA eligibility: Article 6 authorisation, vintages, and phase-specific criteria. Explainer https://sanitap.org/knowledge/corsia-explained/ https://sanitap.org/knowledge/corsia-explained/ 2026-05-12T00:00:00.000Z A working briefing on the Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation: regulatory anatomy, phasing, offset arithmetic, and the five questions procurement teams must ask. Explainer https://sanitap.org/knowledge/madagascar-cyclones-record-outlook/ https://sanitap.org/knowledge/madagascar-cyclones-record-outlook/ 2026-07-25T00:00:00.000Z The destructive capability bearing on Madagascar's people has risen about 4.6× since the 1980s and is on course for roughly 8× by the 2050s. Not more cyclones. Stronger ones, on more populated coasts. Climate science https://sanitap.org/knowledge/two-levers-one-country-mitigation/ https://sanitap.org/knowledge/two-levers-one-country-mitigation/ 2026-09-04T00:00:00.000Z SaniTap's mitigation portfolio combines improved cooking and safe drinking water in a single country. Both cut biomass combustion; together they cover the two biggest household emission sources. Climate mitigation https://sanitap.org/knowledge/suppressed-demand-explained/ https://sanitap.org/knowledge/suppressed-demand-explained/ 2026-09-04T00:00:00.000Z Suppressed demand is the accounting principle that lets a safe-water or clean-cooking credit be measured against the consumption a household should have, not the pinched consumption poverty forces. Methodology https://sanitap.org/knowledge/post-cyclone-rehabilitation-vs-pre-cyclone-hardening/ https://sanitap.org/knowledge/post-cyclone-rehabilitation-vs-pre-cyclone-hardening/ 2026-09-04T00:00:00.000Z Every cyclone-response programme faces the same fork: rebuild what the storm destroyed, or invest in infrastructure designed to survive the next one. Different money, different funders. Strategy https://sanitap.org/knowledge/piped-water-endur-o-model/ https://sanitap.org/knowledge/piped-water-endur-o-model/ 2026-09-04T00:00:00.000Z Most piped water systems in rural Madagascar break shortly after they are built and are never repaired. Endur'O's joint-venture model combines four revenue and cost levers to make them durable. Safe drinking water https://sanitap.org/knowledge/operational-standards-health-safety-merv/ https://sanitap.org/knowledge/operational-standards-health-safety-merv/ 2026-09-04T00:00:00.000Z Delivering carbon and adaptation projects at SaniTap's scale requires the operational discipline of heavy industry: inherited safety standards, a Take 5 briefing culture, and a MERV framework. Operations https://sanitap.org/knowledge/indoor-air-pollution-impact-and-measurement/ https://sanitap.org/knowledge/indoor-air-pollution-impact-and-measurement/ 2026-09-04T00:00:00.000Z Household air pollution from cooking on open fires and inefficient stoves kills 3.2 million people a year, including a quarter of a million children under five, mostly from pneumonia. Health https://sanitap.org/knowledge/how-sanitap-measures-impact/ https://sanitap.org/knowledge/how-sanitap-measures-impact/ 2026-09-04T00:00:00.000Z Impact is a household cooking cleaner three years on, a village drawing safe water twelve months on, a woman spending an hour a day differently. Not a number on a slide. Impact https://sanitap.org/knowledge/gender-responsive-not-sensitive/ https://sanitap.org/knowledge/gender-responsive-not-sensitive/ 2026-09-04T00:00:00.000Z Gender-sensitive projects notice gender; gender-responsive projects act on it. The gap between the two is definable, and the higher standard changes what a project actually delivers. Gender https://sanitap.org/knowledge/cyclone-exposure-scoring-madagascar/ https://sanitap.org/knowledge/cyclone-exposure-scoring-madagascar/ 2026-09-04T00:00:00.000Z Every coastal community faces the same question before a cyclone-hardened water programme can prioritise anything: how often will a damaging storm strike here, and how many people will it hit? Methodology https://sanitap.org/knowledge/article-6-8-adaptation-non-market-finance/ https://sanitap.org/knowledge/article-6-8-adaptation-non-market-finance/ 2026-09-04T00:00:00.000Z Adaptation does not generate a tradable tonne of CO₂, which is why adaptation finance has lagged mitigation finance for two decades. Article 6.8 and the Adaptation Benefits Mechanism (ABM) close that gap. Policy https://sanitap.org/knowledge/riverbanks-soil-carbon-ecosystem-science/ https://sanitap.org/knowledge/riverbanks-soil-carbon-ecosystem-science/ 2026-09-05T00:00:00.000Z When a Malagasy river loses its banks, it loses more than land. It loses the topsoil, the groundwater, the fisheries, the downstream coral, and the drinking-water quality of every community. Science https://sanitap.org/knowledge/integrity-stacking/ https://sanitap.org/knowledge/integrity-stacking/ 2026-09-11T00:00:00.000Z Most carbon credits meet one integrity standard. SaniTap credits pass six independent bars, each addressing a different type of buyer concern. What integrity stacking is, why it matters for CORSIA-obligated buyers, and the specific stack SaniTap operates. Explainer https://sanitap.org/knowledge/free-prior-informed-consent/ https://sanitap.org/knowledge/free-prior-informed-consent/ 2026-09-12T00:00:00.000Z FPIC is the international standard for community consent on projects that affect people's lives and livelihoods. What FPIC actually requires, where it came from, and the concrete way SaniTap applies it across cookstoves, safe water and innovation pilots. Rights and consent